翻譯要點 / Do’s and Don’ts in Translation

 

翻譯要點 思果	Do’s and Don’ts in Translation By Si Guo
一、翻譯切不可不守紀律，沒有尺寸，亂添亂减。雖然佳譯像鹽化在水裏，看不出痕迹，但鹽總在那裏，沒有添，沒有减。有的翻譯是“演義派”，補出很多情節，全是原文沒有的。有人隨意删削，好像在編輯。（雙關語、俏皮話等有的確不可翻者例外。）	First, in translation, one must not ignore discipline or criteria, adding or subtracting at will. Although felicitous translations are like salt dissolved in water with no trace of it to be seen, yet the salt is still there without addition or subtraction. Some translations read like “historical romance” with many episodes added that are absent in the original. Some translators delete as they please, as if they were editing. (Exceptions are puns, witticisms, etc. that are really untranslatable.)
二、切不可譯字，要譯意，譯情，譯氣勢，譯作者用心處。記住，譯者最大的敵人是英文字。	Second, do translate not the words per se, but the meaning, the sentiment, the power and spirit, and where the author did put in special effort. Remember: the translator’s worst enemy are the English words.
三、切不可抱定一個英文字只有一個中文譯文解釋，以不變應萬變。如果你譯一個英文字，把認定的一個意思寫下，再和上下文一同看，覺得不大像話，你可能錯解了那字的意思，趕快細查字典。   【源文摘自：《翻译研究》/思果著. 桂林：广西师范大学出版社，2017】	Third, never stick to the belief that each English word carries only one meaning when put into Chinese, and so handle all changed texts in one unchanging manner. If, while translating an English word, you write down a Chinese one that you’re sure can give the right meaning, but looking at it in the context you find it not sounding quite right, then you may have misconstrued that English word, and should hurry and check it carefully in your dictionaries. （Tr. Allen Zhuang）
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